AquaNISInformation system on aquatic non-indigenous and cryptogenic species |
Species | Bugula neritina [WoRMS] | |
Authority | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
Family | Bugulidae | |
Order | Cheilostomatida | |
Class | Gymnolaemata | |
Phylum | Bryozoa | |
Synonym (?) | ||
Sub-species level (?) | Not entered |
Native origin (?) | Country: USA --> LME: 3. California Current References (not structured): Robertson A., 1905 – Non-incrusting Chilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast of North America. University of California Publications in Zoology 2(5): 235-322 (p. 266) Comments: from Southern California to Monterey Bay |
Life form / Life stage (?) |
References (not structured): Dyrynda P.E.J. & Ryland J.S., 1982 – Reproductive strategies and life histories in the cheilostome marine bryozoans Chartella papyracea and Bugula flabellata – Mar. Biol. 71:241-256 Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. Comments: B. neritina's life history may include an annual period of dormancy, in which colonies recede to a regenerative holdfast (Dyrynda & Ryland, 1982). |
Sociability / Life stage (?) |
References (not structured): Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. |
Reproductive frequency (?) | Iteroparous References (not structured): Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. |
Reproductive type (?) | Asexual Sexual References: Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. Comments: Hermaphroditic. Zooids release eggs around the middle of their lifespan, but don't release sperm until near the end, thus preventing self-fertilization. |
Developmental trait (?) | Brooding Lecithotrophy References: Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. Comments: The larvae settle within 2-10 hours, then metamorphose into the adult form. |
Characteristic feeding method / Life stage (?) |
References (not structured): Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. |
Mobility / Life stage (?) |
References (not structured): Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S., 1998 – Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part I. Aeteoidea-Cribrilinoidea - Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) edited by Doris M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes – N° 10 (Second Edition). 366pp. |
Salinity tolerance range (?) | Not entered |
Habitat modifying ability potential (?) | Not entered |
Toxicity / Life stage (?) | Not relevant |
Bioaccumulation association (?) | Not entered |
Known human health impact? | Not entered |
Known economic impact? | Not entered |
Known measurable environmental impact? | Not entered |
Included in the Target Species list? | Not entered |
Association with vessel vectors (?) | Ballast waters Biofouling Sea chest Tank sediments References: Cohen A.N., 2005 – Guide to the Exotic Species of San Francisco Bay. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Oakland, USA. Mackie J.A., et al., 2006 – Invasion patterns inferred from cytochrome oxidase I sequences in three bryozoans, Bugula neritina, Watersipora subtorquata and Watersipora arcuata. Marine Biology 149: 285-295. Piola R.F. & Johnston E.L., 2006 – Differential resistance to extended copper exposure in four introduced bryozoans – Marine Ecology Progress Series 311: 103-114. Coutts ADM, Dodgshun TJ (2007) The nature and extent of organisms in vesselsea-chests: A protected mechanism for marine bioinvasion. Mar Poll Bull 54: 875–886 Comments: Common fouling organism worldwide. Trasported in hull fouling or with oystery transfers. Can be also transported via tiny colonies attached to the sides of ballast tanks or on floating material inside the ballast tanks. Furthermore, it was found on sea chest samples |
Molecular information | Not entered |
Last update by | Aleksas Narščius, 2012-10-08 |