First observed: 1985 (Bick, Burckhardt 1989)
Taxon: Polychaeta
Origin: North America
Vector of introduction: shipping
Distribution in the Baltic Sea: Baltic Proper, Curonian Lagoon, Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Riga, Kattegat and Belt Sea, Odra Lagoon, Vistula Lagoon
Species status: established
Salinity in native habitats: Polymixohaline to Euhaline (Bochert 1997)
Salinity in the Baltic Sea: Polymixohaline (Gruszka 1999; Daunys et al. 1999; Ezhova, Spirido 2005; Sikorski, Bick 2004)
Ecofunctional group: benthic deposit feeders, benthic suspension feeders (Dauer et al. 1981)
Ecological impact: benthic-pelagic interaction (Kotta et al. 2006c), community dominance (Daunys et al. 1999; Zettler 1996a; Olenin et al. 2002; Ezhova, Peretertova 1999; Eno et al. 1997; Daunys et al. 2001; Daunys, Oleninas 1999; Ezhova et al. 2005), competition (Zettler 1996a; WGITMO 2001; Eno et al. 1997; Rudinskaya 1999; Olenin et al. 2002; Kotta et al. 2006c; Neideman et al. 2003), food-prey (Winkler, Debus 1997), habitat change (Zettler et al. 1994; Gollasch, Leppakoski 1999; Ezhova, Peretertova 1999; Zettler 1996b), predation (Olenin et al. 2002)
Impact on uses/resources: -References:
Bastrop R., Roehner M., Sturmbauer C., Juerss K. 1997. Where did Marenzelleria spp. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Europe come from? Aquat. Ecol., 31(2): 137-148.
Bick A., Burckhardt R. 1989. Erstnachweis von Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) fur den Ostseeraum, mit einem Bestimmungsschlussel der Spioniden der Ostsee. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin, 65: 237-247.
Bochert R. 1997. Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta: Spionidae): a review of its reproduction. Aquatic Ecology 31: 163-175.
Dauer D.M., Maybury C.M., Ewing R.M. 1981. Feeding behavior and general ecology of several spionid polychaetes from the Chesapeake Bay. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 54: 21-38
Daunys D., Olenin S., Schiedek D. 2001. The species strategy near its boundary: the Marenzelleria cf. viridis (Polychaeta, Annelida) case in the brackish Baltic Sea. International Review of Hydrobiology, 85 (5-6): 639-652.
Daunys D., Oleninas S. 1999. Bottom macrofauna communities in the northern part of the Curonian Lagoon, south-eastern Baltic Sea. Ekologija, 2: 19-27 [in Lithuanian with English summary].
Daunys D., Zettler M., Gollasch S. 1999. Marenzelleria cf. viridis (Verill, 1873). In: Case histories on introduced species: their general biology, distribution, range expansion and impact. Gollasch S., Minchin D., Rosental H., Voigt M. (Eds.). University of Kiel, Germany: 61-67.
Eno N.C., Clark R.A., Sanderson W.G. 1997. Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. Published by JNCC, Peterborough: 152pp.
Ezhova E. E., Peretertova O. 1999. Ecosystem effect of the successful invader Marenzelleria viridis. In: 16th Baltic Marine Biologists Symposium. Klaipeda University, Coastal Research and Planning Institute: 52p.
Ezhova E., Spirido O. 2005. Patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of the Marenzelleria cf. viridis population in the lagoon and marine environment in the Southeastern Baltic Sea. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 34(1): 209-226.
Ezhova E., Zmudzinski L. and Maciejewska K. 2005. Long-term trends in the macrozoobenthos of the Vistula Lagoon, southeastern Baltic Sea. Species composition and biomass distribution. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries and biomass distribution. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute, 1(164): 55-73.
Gollasch S., Leppakoski E. 1999. Initial Risk Assessment of Alien Species in Nordic Coastal Waters. Nord, 8: 7-124
Gruszka 1999. The river Odra estuary as a gateway for alien species immigration to the Baltic Sea Basin. Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, 27(5): 374-382.
Kotta J., Kotta I., Simm M., Lankov A., Lauringson V., Pollumae A., Ojaveer H. 2006. Ecological consequences of biological invasions: three invertebrate case studies in the north-eastern Baltic Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res., 60: 106-112.
Neideman R., Wenngren J., Olafsson E. 2003. Competition between the introduced polychaete Marenzelleria sp. and the native amphipoda Monoporeia affinis in Baltic soft bottoms. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 264: 49?55.
Olenin S., Leppakoski E., Gollasch S., Gruszka P., Skora K., Hoppe K., Ojaveer H., Orlova M. 2002. Recently introduced non-indigenous species. Environment of the Baltic Sea area, 1994-1998. HELCOM. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings, 82B: 173-175.
Rudinskaya L. 1999. Introduction of Marenzelleria viridis into Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea. 16th Baltic Marine Biologists Symposium. Klaipeda University, Coastal Research and Planning Institute: 85 p.
Sikorski A.V., Bick A. 2004. Revision of Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 (Spionidae, Polychaeta). Sarsia, Vol. 89, Nr 4: 253-275.
WGITMO. Report. 2001. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Barcelona, Spain:100pp.
Winkler H.M., Debus L. 1997. Is the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis an important food item for fish? Proc. 13th BMB Symposium in 1993, Riga (Latvia): 147-151.
Zettler M.L. 1996. Oekologische Untersuchungen am Neozoon Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873) (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in einem Kuestengewaeser der suedlichen Ostsee. Ph.D. Thesis, Rostock University, pp. 149.
Zettler M.L. 1996. Successful establishment of the spionid polychaete, Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873), in the Darss-Zingst estuary (southern Baltic) and its influence on the indigenous macrozoobenthos. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res., 43 (3): 273-284.
Zettler M.L., Bochert R., Bick A. 1994. Roehrenbau und Vertikalverteilung von Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in einem Kuestengewaeser der suedlichen Ostsee. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beitraege, 2: 215-225.
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